Introduction: Subject to Respectability

Introduction to Subject Area 'Charts'

The subject area ‘Charts’ groups together those projects that study visual specification formalisms or charts. Visual formalisms promise to support the use of formal methods in the engineering process of (embedded) software systems by being high-level languages that are equipped with a formal semantics in the elementary formalisms like temporal logic or finite state machines. The use of chart l...

Introduction to Subject Area "Verification"

Over the last two decades the use of software in technical applications has dramatically increased. Almost all real-world systems are now embedded systems consisting of hardware and software components. Just think of modern automobiles; every new car comes equipped with computers that have many tasks in almost all parts of the car: fuel injection rates of the engine, airbags, anti-blocking syst...

An introduction to Multiway Methods for Multi-Subject fMRI experiment

Model free exploratory methods available for functional MRI analysis of one subject such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) are investigated for generalisations when analysing more than one subject. Introducing the subject dimension makes a three-way data: brain, time, subject, and multiway methods are proposed either to optimise the variance (PCA) or...

An Introduction to Sociolinguistics

Introduction to circular data

In many diverse scientific fields, the measurements are directions. For instance, a biologist may be measuring the direction of flight of a bird or the orientation of an animal. A series of such observations is called ”directional data”. Since a direction has no magnitude, these can be conveniently represented as points on the circumference of a unit circle centered at the origin or as unit ...